Prosem: Vortrag überarbeitet.

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Jim Martens 2014-02-24 15:28:54 +01:00
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\newcommand{\tremail}{2martens@informatik.uni-hamburg.de}
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\newcommand{\trwebsiteordate}{25.02.2014}
\newcommand{\trwebsiteordate}{26.02.2014}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Languages:
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\usepackage{fancybox} % Gleichungen einrahmen
\usepackage{fancyhdr} % Paket zur schickeren der Gestaltung der
\usepackage{graphicx} % Inclusion of graphics
\usepackage{tikz}
%\usepackage{wrapfig}
%\usepackage{latexsym} % Special symbols
\usepackage{longtable} % Allow tables over several parges
\usepackage{listings} % Nicer source code listings
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%\lstloadlanguages{C} % Set the default language for listings
\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.svg,.jpg,.png,.eps} % first try pdf, then eps, png and jpg
\graphicspath{{./src/}} % Path to a folder where all pictures are located
\graphicspath{{./src/} {/home/jim/Pictures/}} % Path to a folder where all pictures are located
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Costom Definitions:
@ -218,112 +220,178 @@
\section*{Motivation and Question}
\frame[t]{
\frametitle{Motivation}
\begin{itemize}
\item Dialogue in computer games
\begin{itemize}
\item spoken
\item written
\end{itemize}
\item Ambiguity
\item Disambiguation
%\item Use references \textsuperscript{[Author, 2010]}
\end{itemize}
}
\begin{frame}[t]{Motivation}
\begin{columns}[t]
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
\begin{itemize}
\item<2-> Dialogue in computer games
\begin{itemize}
\item<3-> spoken
\item<4-> written
\end{itemize}
\item<5-> Ambiguity
\item<5-> Disambiguation
%\item Use references \textsuperscript{[Author, 2010]}
\end{itemize}
\end{column}
\begin{column}{68mm}\centering
\begin{pgfpicture}{0cm}{3cm}{1cm}{0cm}
\pgfbox[center,center]{\includegraphics[scale=0.15]{massEffectDialogScreenshot}}
\end{pgfpicture}
\end{column}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
\frame{
\frametitle{Outline}
\begin{frame}{Outline}
\tableofcontents
}
\end{frame}
\section{Basics}
\section{Definitions}
\frame[t]
{
\frametitle{Basics}
\begin{frame}[t]{Definitions}
\begin{itemize}
\item Syntax
\begin{itemize}
\item describes allowed sentence structures
\item Describes the sentence structure (e.g. simple subject--predicate--object order) and kind (e.g. declarative, question, order)
\end{itemize}
\item Grammar
\begin{itemize}
\item Specifies valid sentences
\end{itemize}
\item Semantics
\begin{itemize}
\item meaning of the written words
\item Meaning of the written words
\end{itemize}
\item Pragmatics
\begin{itemize}
\item meaning of words in a given context
\item Meaning of words in a given context or actual meaning
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
}
\end{frame}
\section{Syntactic Parsing}
\frame[t]
{
\frametitle{Lexicon}
\begin{itemize}
\item Allowed words \textsuperscript{[Russel, 2009]}
\item Probabilities
\end{itemize}
}
\begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Lexicon}
\begin{columns}[t]
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
\begin{itemize}
\item Allowed words \textsuperscript{[Russel, 2009]}
\item Probabilities
\end{itemize}
\end{column}
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
Example:
\begin{alignat*}{2}
Noun &\rightarrow && \text{tree [1.00]} \\
Verb &\rightarrow && \text{is [1.00]} \\
Adjective &\rightarrow && \text{high [1.00]} \\
Article &\rightarrow && \text{the [1.00]} \\
\end{alignat*}
\end{column}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
\frame[t]
{
\frametitle{Grammar}
\begin{frame}[t]{Grammar}
\begin{itemize}
\item Combines words into valid phrases \textsuperscript{[Russel, 2009]}
\item Base for all kinds of parsing
\item Probabilities
\item Defines valid syntax
\end{itemize}
}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Grammar}
Example:
\begin{alignat*}{2}
S \;&\rightarrow &\; NP\;\;VP \;&[1.00] \\
NP \;&\rightarrow &\; A\;N \;&[1.00]\\
A \;&\rightarrow &\; Article\;&[1.00]\\
N \;&\rightarrow &\; Noun\;&[1.00]\\
VP \;&\rightarrow &\; Verb \;&[0.40] \\
\;&|&\; VP\;Adjs \;&[0.60] \\
Adjs \;&\rightarrow &\; Adjective \;&[0.80] \\
\;&|&\; Adjective\;Adjs \;&[0.20]
\end{alignat*}
\end{frame}
\frame[t]
{
\frametitle{CYK}
\begin{frame}[t]{Cocke Younger Kasami (CYK)}
\begin{itemize}
\item Dynamic programming parsing algorithm \textsuperscript{[Russel, 2009]}
\item Named after inventors \textsuperscript{[Russel, 2009]}
\begin{itemize}
\item John Cocke (1925--2002)
\item Daniel H. Younger
\item Tadeo Kasami (1930--2007)
\end{itemize}
\item Dynamic programming parsing algorithm \textsuperscript{[Russel, 2009]}
\item Works only with grammars in CNF \textsuperscript{[Russel, 2009]}
\item Probabilities serve as disambiguation \textsuperscript{[Russel, 2009]}
\item Best algorithm for general CFGs \textsuperscript{[Russel, 2009]}
\end{itemize}
}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}[t]{CYK Example}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
X & start & length & p \\
\hline
\hline
A & 1 & 1 & 1.00 \\
\hline
N & 2 & 1 & 1.00 \\
\hline
VP & 3 & 1 & 0.40 \\
\hline
Adjs & 4 & 1 & 0.80 \\
\hline
Adjs & 5 & 1 & 0.80 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{frame}
\section{Semantic Analysis}
\frame[t]
{
\frametitle{Approach}
\begin{frame}[t]{Semantic Analysis}
\begin{itemize}
\item Syntax-driven semantic analysis \textsuperscript{[Jurafsky, 2009]}
\item Syntax representation
\begin{itemize}
\item parse trees \textsuperscript{[Jurafsky, 2009]}
\item dependency structures \textsuperscript{[Jurafsky, 2009]}
\item Parse trees \textsuperscript{[Jurafsky, 2009]}
\item Dependency structures \textsuperscript{[Jurafsky, 2009]}
\item etc
\end{itemize}
\item First--Order Logic
\item Lambda notation
\item Semantic attachments
\item Meaning representation
\end{itemize}
}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Semantic Analysis}
Example of semantic attachment:
\[
A \rightarrow the \;\{\lambda x.\lambda P.\exists x.P(x)\}
\]
Example of meaning representation:
\[
\exists x.Tree(x) \Rightarrow \exists a.Very(a) \wedge HighThing(a, x)
\]
\end{frame}
\section{Conclusion}
\frame[t]
{
\frametitle{Conclusion}
\begin{frame}[t]{Conclusion}
\begin{itemize}
\item Parsing and semantic analysis need restriction
\item Ambiguity remains large problem
\item Parsing and semantic analysis need restriction
\item Context is key
\end{itemize}
}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\frame[c]{
\frametitle{The End}
\begin{frame}[c]{The End}
\begin{center}
Thank you for your attention.\\[1ex]
Any questions?\\[5ex]
@ -331,11 +399,13 @@
\footnotesize
Literature:
\begin{itemize}
%\item Author , Author , Author, and Author. Name of the conference paper. \emph{In: Proceedings of the Conference Name}, 2008
%\item Author, Author, and Author. Name of the Article. \emph{Name of the Journal}, 42:111-133, 2010
\item Daniel Jurafsky and James H. Martin. \emph{Speech and Language processing}. Pearson, 2009
\item Stuart J. Russel and Peter Norvig. \emph{Artificial intelligence: A Modern Approach}. Pearson, 2009
\end{itemize}
}
Pictures:
\begin{itemize}
\item Motivation: Mass Effect 1 Screenshot from IGN.com
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\end{document}