mirror of https://github.com/2martens/uni.git
Prosem: Vortrag überarbeitet.
This commit is contained in:
Jim Martens
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\newcommand{\trmatrikelnummer}{6420323}
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\newcommand{\tremail}{2martens@informatik.uni-hamburg.de}
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\newcommand{\trinstitute}{}
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\newcommand{\trwebsiteordate}{25.02.2014}
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\newcommand{\trwebsiteordate}{26.02.2014}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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% Languages:
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@ -53,6 +53,8 @@
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\usepackage{fancybox} % Gleichungen einrahmen
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\usepackage{fancyhdr} % Paket zur schickeren der Gestaltung der
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\usepackage{graphicx} % Inclusion of graphics
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\usepackage{tikz}
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%\usepackage{wrapfig}
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%\usepackage{latexsym} % Special symbols
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\usepackage{longtable} % Allow tables over several parges
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\usepackage{listings} % Nicer source code listings
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@ -102,7 +104,7 @@
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%\lstloadlanguages{C} % Set the default language for listings
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\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.svg,.jpg,.png,.eps} % first try pdf, then eps, png and jpg
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\graphicspath{{./src/}} % Path to a folder where all pictures are located
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\graphicspath{{./src/} {/home/jim/Pictures/}} % Path to a folder where all pictures are located
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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% Costom Definitions:
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@ -218,112 +220,178 @@
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\section*{Motivation and Question}
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\frame[t]{
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\frametitle{Motivation}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Dialogue in computer games
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\begin{itemize}
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\item spoken
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\item written
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\end{itemize}
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\item Ambiguity
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\item Disambiguation
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%\item Use references \textsuperscript{[Author, 2010]}
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\end{itemize}
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}
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\begin{frame}[t]{Motivation}
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\begin{columns}[t]
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\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item<2-> Dialogue in computer games
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\begin{itemize}
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\item<3-> spoken
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\item<4-> written
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\end{itemize}
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\item<5-> Ambiguity
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\item<5-> Disambiguation
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%\item Use references \textsuperscript{[Author, 2010]}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{column}
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\begin{column}{68mm}\centering
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\begin{pgfpicture}{0cm}{3cm}{1cm}{0cm}
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\pgfbox[center,center]{\includegraphics[scale=0.15]{massEffectDialogScreenshot}}
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\end{pgfpicture}
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\end{column}
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\end{columns}
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\end{frame}
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\frame{
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\frametitle{Outline}
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\begin{frame}{Outline}
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\tableofcontents
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}
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\end{frame}
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\section{Basics}
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\section{Definitions}
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\frame[t]
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{
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\frametitle{Basics}
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\begin{frame}[t]{Definitions}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Syntax
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\begin{itemize}
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\item describes allowed sentence structures
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\item Describes the sentence structure (e.g. simple subject--predicate--object order) and kind (e.g. declarative, question, order)
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\end{itemize}
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\item Grammar
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Specifies valid sentences
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\end{itemize}
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\item Semantics
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\begin{itemize}
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\item meaning of the written words
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\item Meaning of the written words
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\end{itemize}
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\item Pragmatics
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\begin{itemize}
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\item meaning of words in a given context
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\item Meaning of words in a given context or actual meaning
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\end{itemize}
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\end{itemize}
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}
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\end{frame}
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\section{Syntactic Parsing}
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\frame[t]
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{
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\frametitle{Lexicon}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Allowed words \textsuperscript{[Russel, 2009]}
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\item Probabilities
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\end{itemize}
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}
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\begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Lexicon}
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\begin{columns}[t]
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\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Allowed words \textsuperscript{[Russel, 2009]}
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\item Probabilities
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\end{itemize}
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\end{column}
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\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
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Example:
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\begin{alignat*}{2}
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Noun &\rightarrow && \text{tree [1.00]} \\
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Verb &\rightarrow && \text{is [1.00]} \\
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Adjective &\rightarrow && \text{high [1.00]} \\
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Article &\rightarrow && \text{the [1.00]} \\
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\end{alignat*}
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\end{column}
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\end{columns}
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\end{frame}
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\frame[t]
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{
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\frametitle{Grammar}
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\begin{frame}[t]{Grammar}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Combines words into valid phrases \textsuperscript{[Russel, 2009]}
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\item Base for all kinds of parsing
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\item Probabilities
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\item Defines valid syntax
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\end{itemize}
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}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Grammar}
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Example:
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\begin{alignat*}{2}
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S \;&\rightarrow &\; NP\;\;VP \;&[1.00] \\
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NP \;&\rightarrow &\; A\;N \;&[1.00]\\
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A \;&\rightarrow &\; Article\;&[1.00]\\
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N \;&\rightarrow &\; Noun\;&[1.00]\\
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VP \;&\rightarrow &\; Verb \;&[0.40] \\
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\;&|&\; VP\;Adjs \;&[0.60] \\
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Adjs \;&\rightarrow &\; Adjective \;&[0.80] \\
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\;&|&\; Adjective\;Adjs \;&[0.20]
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\end{alignat*}
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\end{frame}
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\frame[t]
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{
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\frametitle{CYK}
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\begin{frame}[t]{Cocke Younger Kasami (CYK)}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Dynamic programming parsing algorithm \textsuperscript{[Russel, 2009]}
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\item Named after inventors \textsuperscript{[Russel, 2009]}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item John Cocke (1925--2002)
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\item Daniel H. Younger
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\item Tadeo Kasami (1930--2007)
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\end{itemize}
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\item Dynamic programming parsing algorithm \textsuperscript{[Russel, 2009]}
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\item Works only with grammars in CNF \textsuperscript{[Russel, 2009]}
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\item Probabilities serve as disambiguation \textsuperscript{[Russel, 2009]}
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\item Best algorithm for general CFGs \textsuperscript{[Russel, 2009]}
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\end{itemize}
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}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}[t]{CYK Example}
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\centering
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\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}
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\hline
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X & start & length & p \\
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\hline
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\hline
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A & 1 & 1 & 1.00 \\
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\hline
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N & 2 & 1 & 1.00 \\
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\hline
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VP & 3 & 1 & 0.40 \\
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\hline
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Adjs & 4 & 1 & 0.80 \\
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\hline
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Adjs & 5 & 1 & 0.80 \\
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\hline
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\end{tabular}
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\end{frame}
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\section{Semantic Analysis}
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\frame[t]
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{
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\frametitle{Approach}
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\begin{frame}[t]{Semantic Analysis}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Syntax-driven semantic analysis \textsuperscript{[Jurafsky, 2009]}
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\item Syntax representation
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\begin{itemize}
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\item parse trees \textsuperscript{[Jurafsky, 2009]}
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\item dependency structures \textsuperscript{[Jurafsky, 2009]}
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\item Parse trees \textsuperscript{[Jurafsky, 2009]}
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\item Dependency structures \textsuperscript{[Jurafsky, 2009]}
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\item etc
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\end{itemize}
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\item First--Order Logic
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\item Lambda notation
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\item Semantic attachments
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\item Meaning representation
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\end{itemize}
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}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}[t,fragile]{Semantic Analysis}
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Example of semantic attachment:
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\[
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A \rightarrow the \;\{\lambda x.\lambda P.\exists x.P(x)\}
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\]
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Example of meaning representation:
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\[
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\exists x.Tree(x) \Rightarrow \exists a.Very(a) \wedge HighThing(a, x)
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\]
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\end{frame}
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\section{Conclusion}
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\frame[t]
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{
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\frametitle{Conclusion}
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\begin{frame}[t]{Conclusion}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Parsing and semantic analysis need restriction
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\item Ambiguity remains large problem
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\item Parsing and semantic analysis need restriction
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\item Context is key
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\end{itemize}
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}
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\end{frame}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\frame[c]{
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\frametitle{The End}
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\begin{frame}[c]{The End}
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\begin{center}
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Thank you for your attention.\\[1ex]
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Any questions?\\[5ex]
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@ -331,11 +399,13 @@
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\footnotesize
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Literature:
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\begin{itemize}
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%\item Author , Author , Author, and Author. Name of the conference paper. \emph{In: Proceedings of the Conference Name}, 2008
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%\item Author, Author, and Author. Name of the Article. \emph{Name of the Journal}, 42:111-133, 2010
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\item Daniel Jurafsky and James H. Martin. \emph{Speech and Language processing}. Pearson, 2009
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\item Stuart J. Russel and Peter Norvig. \emph{Artificial intelligence: A Modern Approach}. Pearson, 2009
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\end{itemize}
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}
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Pictures:
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Motivation: Mass Effect 1 Screenshot from IGN.com
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\end{document}
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